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* 什么是防盜鏈 <https://www.cnblogs.com/lisqiong/p/11356065.html#什么是防盜鏈>
* nginx防盜鏈 <https://www.cnblogs.com/lisqiong/p/11356065.html#nginx防盜鏈>
* 實(shí)例演示 <https://www.cnblogs.com/lisqiong/p/11356065.html#實(shí)例演示>
什么是防盜鏈

防盜鏈簡而言之就是防止第三方或者未進(jìn)允許的域名訪問自己的靜態(tài)資源的一種限制技術(shù)。比如A網(wǎng)站有許多自己獨(dú)立的圖片素材不想讓其它網(wǎng)站通過直接調(diào)用圖片路徑的方式訪問圖片，于是采用防盜鏈方式來防止。

nginx防盜鏈

防盜鏈基于客戶端攜帶的referer實(shí)現(xiàn)，referer是記錄打開一個(gè)頁面之前記錄是從哪個(gè)頁面跳轉(zhuǎn)過來的標(biāo)記信息，如果別人只鏈接了自己網(wǎng)站的圖片或某個(gè)單獨(dú)的資源，而不是打開整個(gè)頁面，這就是盜鏈，referer就是之前的那個(gè)網(wǎng)站域名，正常的referer信息有以下幾種

nginx防盜鏈的代碼定義

* 定義合規(guī)的引用 valid_referers none | blocked | server_names | string ...;
* 拒絕不合規(guī)的引用： if ($invalid_referer) { rewrite ^/.*$ http://www.b.org/403.html }
參數(shù)說明：

* none:請求報(bào)文沒有referer首部，比如用戶直接在瀏覽器輸入域名訪問往web網(wǎng)站，就是沒有referer信息
* blocked:請求報(bào)文由referer信息，但無又有效值為空
* server_names:referer首部中包含本主機(jī)及nginx監(jiān)聽的server_name
* invalid_referer:不合規(guī)的feferer引用
實(shí)例演示

圖片源地址調(diào)用圖片地址
dev.api.dd.com localhost
測試頁面index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>演示nginx防盜鏈</title> </head> <body> <img
src="http://dev.api.dd.com/timg.jpeg" style="width: 100px;height: 100px;" />
</body> </html>
正常配置nginx不做防盜鏈處理
server { listen 80; server_name dev.api.dd.com; root
/Users/lidong/Desktop/wwwroot/dd_api/public; index index.php index.html
index.htm; access_log /Users/lidong/wwwlogs/dev.api.dd.com_access.log;
error_log /Users/lidong/wwwlogs/dev.api.dd.com_error.log; location ~
[^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include
fastcgi_params; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { } try_files $uri
$uri/ @rewrite; location @rewrite { rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?_url=/$1; } }`
運(yùn)行http://localhost/index.html結(jié)果

配置限定的資源文件如果被第三方調(diào)用直接返回403
server { listen 80; server_name dev.api.dd.com; root
/Users/lidong/Desktop/wwwroot/dd_api/public; index index.php index.html
index.htm; access_log /Users/lidong/wwwlogs/dev.api.dd.com_access.log;
error_log /Users/lidong/wwwlogs/dev.api.dd.com_error.log; location ~
[^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include
fastcgi_params; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { valid_referers
none blocked dev.api.dd.com; if ($invalid_referer) { return 403; } } try_files
$uri $uri/ @rewrite; location @rewrite { rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?_url=/$1; }
}
運(yùn)行http://localhost/index.html結(jié)果

配置限定的資源文件如果被第三方調(diào)用直接返回一張404的圖片
server { listen 80; server_name dev.api.dd.com; root
/Users/lidong/Desktop/wwwroot/dd_api/public; index index.php index.html
index.htm; access_log /Users/lidong/wwwlogs/dev.api.dd.com_access.log;
error_log /Users/lidong/wwwlogs/dev.api.dd.com_error.log; location ~
[^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include
fastcgi_params; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { valid_referers
none blocked dev.api.dd.com; if ($invalid_referer) { rewrite ^/
http://dev.api.dd.com/404.jpeg; } } try_files $uri $uri/ @rewrite; location
@rewrite { rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?_url=/$1; } }
運(yùn)行http://localhost/index.html結(jié)果

調(diào)用的圖片顯示302

用一張?jiān)凑镜?04替換顯示

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nginx防盜鏈